The aim of this research was to study the relationship between stress and performance (effort- job understanding- organizational support-ability) among the commanders of army training centers in Islamic Republic of Iran. A descriptive correlation research method was utilized. The statistical population included 123 in 2010 of which a sample of 92 commanders was selected through a proportionate classified random sampling. Data analysis was done through both descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, means, variance, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient, regression, variance analysis). The results indicated that there is not a significant correlation between effort and stress (r = -0. 23), but there is a significant and negative correlation between job understanding and stress (r = -0. 53). No significant correlation was observed between organization support and stress (r =0. 23), but a significant negative correlations was observed between ability and stress (r = -0. 45). Regression analysis indicated that stress is determined more by job understanding. Based on a multivariate variance analysis, the observed “F” was significant regarding ability and education and seniority, and job understanding and seniorit.