Military Science and Tactics

Military Science and Tactics

Identifying factors that breach psychological contracts in military organizations Study case of F.A.R.I. Iran

Document Type : Research/Original/Regular Article

Authors
1 Ph.D. student of public management, Department of Management, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor of public management, Department of Management, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
3 Assistant Professor of Cultural Sociology, Department of Management, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Objective: The purpose of this research is to Identify the factors of breach of psychological contracts in military organizations.
Methodology: Qualitative approach with thematic analysis and targeted sampling in the form of 3-stage coding (basic, organizing and comprehensive) through in-depth semi-structured interviews with 21 commanders and managers in military organizations, including the army, IRGC, Faraja and the Ministry of Defense.
Findings: By analyzing the data,276 basic themes,19 organizing themes and 2 comprehensive themes were obtained.
Conclusion: The themes of the organizer include "observance of ethical principles by commanders", "necessary competencies in commanders", "need to ensure welfare in employees", "talent search and talent cultivation system in commanders", "meritism in commanders", "just system Salaries and benefits", "Incentive and punishment system", "Law-oriented and provincialism in commanders", "The presence of management principles in commanders", "Characteristics of the service environment of forces", "Growth and development of forces in the organization", "Law-oriented and Provincialism of the forces", "Evolution of the personality characteristics of the forces", "Ability and capabilities of the forces", "Health of the service compensation system perceived in the forces", "Suitable working conditions of the forces", "Suitable performance of the forces in the organization", "Sense of adequacy" and the appropriateness of welfare from the point of view of the forces", "perceived meritocracy in the forces" and finally a model with two dimensions of expectations of the individual and the organization was presented as comprehensive themes.
Keywords
Subjects

  •  

    • Anderson, N. and Schalk, R. (1988). The psychological contract in retrospect and prospect, Journal of Organizational Behavior, VOI. 19, pp. 637-647
    • Cavanaugh, Marcie A; Noe, Raymond A. (1999). “Antecedents and consequences of relational components of the new psychological contract”. Journal of Organizational Behavior; Vol. 20, pp. 323-340
    • Conway, N. , Guest, D. , Trenberth, L. (2011). Testing the Differential Effects of Changes in Psychological Contract Breach and Fulfilment, Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 79, 267–276.
    • Coyle-Shapiro, J. , & Kessler, I. (2000). Consequences of the psychological contract for the employment relationship: A large scale survey. Journal of Management Studies, 37, 903-930.
    • Coyle-Shapiro, J. A-M. (2002). A psychological contract perspective on organizational citizenship behaviour. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23, 927-946. . http: //dx. doi. org/10. 1002/job. 173.
    • Coyle-Shapiro, J. A-M. , & Kessler, I. (2003). The employment relationship in the U. K. public sector: A psychological contract perspective. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 13(2), 213-230. http: //dx. doi. org/10. 1093/jopart/mug018.
    • Cullinane, N & Dundon, T. (2006). the psychological contract: a critical review. International Journal of Management Reviews. Vol. 8, Iss. 2, 2006. Pp. 113-129. Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    • Greenberg, J. (1990). Organisational justice: Yesterday, today and tomorrow. Journal of Management, 16, 399-432.
    • Herrbach,  O. (2001). Audit quality, auditor behavior and the psychological contract, The European Accounting Review, Vol. 10(4), pp. 787-802.
    • Herriot, P. (1992). The Career Management Challenge: Balancing individual and organisational needs. London, SAGE.
    • Hofstetter, P. (2016). Psychological Contracts and Theoretical Cousins: Promises and Fulfillment, Work Orientations and Commitment in the Swiss Armed Forces, to obtain the degree of Doktor der Wirtschaftswissenschaften, Dr. oec. Faculty of Business, Economics and Informatics of the University of Zurich
    • Lapointe, É. , Vandenberghe, C. , Boudrias, J. S. (2013). Psychological Contract Breach, Affective Commitment to Organization and Supervisor, and Newcomer Adjustment: a Three-Wave Moderated Mediation Model, Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 83(3), 528-538.
    • MacNeil, L. R. (1985). Relational contract: What we do and do not know: Wisconsin Law Review, 483-525.
    • Naweed, A. Hodgkinson, L. Matthews, R W. (2021). From dreams to reality: a phenomenological study of the psychological contracts of ex-military personnel in the Australian Defence Force. Journal of management & Organization ,Volume 27,Issue5,September2021,pp. 886–910
    • Parks, J. M. , & Kidder, D. L. (1994). Till death we do part…: changing work relationships in the 1990s. Trends in organizational behavior, 15, 111-111.
    • Purcell, J. , & Hutchinson, S. (2007). Front-line managers as agents in the HRM-performance causal chain: theory, analysis and evidence. Human Resource Management Journal, 17(1), 3-20. http: //dx. doi. org/10. 1111/j. 1748-8583. 2007. 00022. x.
    • Robinson,S. L, Kraatz, M. S,&Rousseau, D. M. (1994). Changing obligations and the psychological contract: A longitudinal study. Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 37(1)pp. 137-152
    • Rousseau D. M. (1995). Psychological contracts in organizations: understanding written and unwritten agreements. Newbury Park: Sage Publications.
    • Rousseau, D. M. (1990). New hire perceptions of their own and their employer's obligations: a study of psychological contracts. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 11(5), 389-400. doi: 10. 1002/job. 4030110506.
    • Rousseau, D. M. (1989). New hire perceptions of their own and their employer,s obligations: A study of psychological contracts, Journal of Organizational Behavior, vol. 11,pp. 389-400
    •  Rousseau, D. M. (2001). Schema, promise and muatulity: The building blocks of the psychological contract. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 74: 511-541.
    • Rousseau, D. M. , & McLean Parks, J. (1993). The contracts of individuals and organizations. In Cummings, L. L. , & Staw, B. M. (eds.). Research in organizational behaviour. Greenwich, Conn. : JAI Press.
    • Thomas , Helena D. C. and Anderson, N. (1998). Changes in newcomers' psychological contracts during organizational socialization: a study of recruits entering the British Army. Journal of Organizational Behavior.
    • Van de Ven, C. (2004). Chapter 3E – The Psychological Contract: A Big Deal! Behavioural Sciences Service Centre, Ministry of Defence, The Hague, NLD, p. 1.