https://www.qjmst.ir/ Military Science and Tactics en daily 1 Fri, 22 May 2026 00:00:00 +0330 Fri, 22 May 2026 00:00:00 +0330 https://www.qjmst.ir/article_736202.html Objective: The purpose of this research is to identify and prioritize the key equipment indicators for rescue and damage control in order to enhance the safety of Ghadir-class submarines of the Islamic Republic of Iran Navy.Methodology: This applied research adopted a descriptive-analytical mixed-methods exploratory design. In the qualitative phase, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 9 experts in the subsurface domain (using purposeful and snowball sampling until theoretical saturation) and analysis of technical documents, followed by inductive content analysis. In the quantitative phase, a researcher-made questionnaire (25 Likert-type items) was distributed among 85 operational personnel of Ghadir-class submarines. Content validity was confirmed by experts, and reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha (0.82). Data were analyzed using SPSS software with descriptive statistics, Friedman test, and one-sample chi-square test.Findings: Qualitative findings identified six main equipment categories (emergency escape and rescue, warning and detection, positioning and emergency communication, port support and rescue vessels, internal engineering improvement,). Quantitative findings showed an overall mean of 4.51 (out of 5) and "very high" importance percentages above 68%. The Friedman test indicated no significant difference among indicators (p > 0.05), suggesting relatively equal importance of all indices. The chi-square test confirmed the research hypothesis.Conclusion: Integration of findings emphasizes that enhancing the safety of Ghadir-class submarines requires comprehensive development of internal equipment (safe batteries, water ingress sensors, advanced fire suppression) and external equipment (port facilities and rescue vessels). It is recommended to prioritize the procurement of port equipment and lithium-ion safe batteries. https://www.qjmst.ir/article_736204.html Object: This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of basic courses in the combat branches of the Ground Force of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army at the input stage, based on the CIPP model.Methodology: The present study was applied in terms of purpose, on Contextual Case Stud and employed a mixed (qualitative-quantitative) method. In the qualitative phase, data were collected through interviews with 15 experts and document analysis, and analyzed using conceptual content analysis. In the quantitative phase, a researcher-made questionnaire, developed based on the qualitative findings, was distributed among 120 personnel of the Center for Military Sciences and Tactics Training of the Ground Force, and the data were analyzed using SPSS software.Findings: The findings indicated that the mean performance of the input component is 2.87, reflecting a weak state the educational system. The ranking of components showed that the "selection of appropriate instructors" with a coefficient of 0.152 ranked first, while "selection of instructional materials and aids" with a coefficient of 0.189 demonstrated the weakest performance.Conclusion: The findings revealed that the input performance of military training is at a weak level, with the "selection of instructors" ranked as the highest priority component, while "selection of instructional materials" showed the lowest performance. The innovation of this study lies in the reconceptualization of the CIPP model within the context of military training in Iran and the development of a contextualized, indigenous, and generalizable framework that not only enables evaluation but also facilitates continuous improvement in education. https://www.qjmst.ir/article_736206.html AbstractBackground and Objective: Few researchers have studied an economic model for the western region of the country with the ability to solve problems. This will prevent riots. The main objective of this research is to introduce key indicators related to the economic development and defense model of the western region, namely the provinces of Ilam and Kermanshah.Methodology: This research has been completed using an applied method. The input data used in the research have been obtained by studying reputable scientific articles, interviewing experts in related fields and software calculation. The sample size of the research includes 60 experts with at least a bachelor's degree and 10 years of experience in fields related to the research.Findings: The development and internal defense model of the western region of the country (Kermanshah and Ilam provinces) has 36 effective indicators that are classified into 6 categories under the title of research components, among which 9 key indicators were introduced. This is a qualitative analysis.Conclusion: The main indicators of the development and internal defense model of the western region of the country are: increasing the construction of railways and railroads, increasing the exploitation and activation of inactive mineral and metal mines, increasing the stability of energy supply for the people (without interruption), reducing rainfed farming and seasons of unemployment for farmers, developing the agricultural industry and handicrafts, increasing industries and employment, the realization of which will lead to the increasing development of the western region of the country. https://www.qjmst.ir/article_736207.html The Islamic Republic of Iran Army needs to institutionalize this culture in its structure to respond effectively to emerging threats. Organizational culture, with its direct impact on employee attitudes, behaviors, and performance, is the main platform for improving productivity, increasing job satisfaction, reducing bureaucracy, and strengthening individual and collective capabilities in the organization.This research was conducted with the aim of designing a strategic model to strengthen the culture of creativity and innovation in the army, and using qualitative and quantitative methods, effective individual, organizational, and environmental dimensions in this field have been identified.This research is of an applied developmental type with a mixed and exploratory approach. The required data were collected through library studies, semi-structured interviews, and quantitative questionnaires, and the findings were analyzed using content analysis methods.Research findings indicate that in order to advance the culture of creativity and innovation in the army, an integrated approach must be adopted that includes three main dimensions: individual (such as employee empowerment), organizational (such as agile structure), and environmental (such as an innovation-supportive environment). Also, components such as participatory leadership and agile organizational structure are key elements of success in this direction.The needs of the strategic model for advancing the culture of creativity and innovation in the army of the Islamic Republic of Iran require an integrated and multidimensional view in which dimensions, components, and indicators are considered in a coordinated and purposeful manner in policymaking and executive interventions. https://www.qjmst.ir/article_736208.html The synergy model in the Khatam al-Anbiya (PBUH) Joint Air Defense Base of the country is a highly complex and sensitive process with a special status within the Armed Forces, aimed at achieving high-level objectives. The main objective of this research is to design a synergy model for the Khatam al-Anbiya (PBUH) Joint Air Defense Base of the country. The research method is descriptive and of applied-developmental type. The statistical population for the qualitative part includes 9 experts, commanders, and senior-level managers from the General Staff of the Armed Forces, and for the quantitative part, 30 individuals were included. For qualitative data analysis, MAXQDA software was used, and the desired model was extracted. The key findings of the research are as follows: The synergy model of the Khatam al-Anbiya (PBUH) Joint Air Defense Base consists of four dimensions: Coordination, Integration, Responsiveness, Forecasting and Preparedness. The Coordination dimension includes five components: task coordination, structural coordination, technological coordination, human resources coordination, and informational coordination. The Integration dimension consists of six components: command and leadership integration, task integration, structural and organizational integration, human resources integration, goal and orientation integration, and technology and equipment integration.The Responsiveness dimension includes five components: operational agility, structural responsiveness, real-time integration of C4ISR technologies, mental and tactical readiness of forces, and accuracy and speed in exchanging vital information. The Forecasting and Preparedness dimension includes four components: structure, human resources, technology, and tasks and processes. https://www.qjmst.ir/article_736209.html Background and Objective: Cognitive warfare is emerging as a critical domain in future conflicts. With rapid advancements in aerospace technologies, intelligent drones, and precision-guided munitions, adversaries increasingly employ cognitive warfare tactics to manipulate decision-making processes and degrade air defense systems. This study aims to develop effective military strategies for the Iranian Air Defense Force to counter cognitive warfare threats.Methodology: This applied research employed a sequential mixed-methods design. In the qualitative phase, a SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) was conducted through semi-structured interviews with purposefully selected air defense experts (based on accessibility, relevant publications, and willingness to participate). Data were thematically analyzed using MAXQDA software. In the quantitative phase, strategic priorities were derived from the SWOT matrix and validated via a questionnaire administered to a randomly selected sample of air defense experts.Findings :The Internal-External (IE) matrix positioned the Iranian Air Defense Force in the defensive quadrant. The External Factor Evaluation (EFE) matrix yielded a total weighted score of 2.388 (below the benchmark of 2.5), indicating limited ability to capitalize on opportunities and mitigate external threats. The Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) similarly reflected moderate internal capabilities.Conclusion: The Iranian Air Defense Force currently adopts a defensive strategic posture against cognitive warfare. Given its proximity to the matrix center, transition to an offensive posture is both necessary and feasible. Priority strategies should focus on enhancing resilience to cognitive manipulation, developing proactive information/cognitive operations, and integrating human–machine decision systems to shift from reactive defense to strategic cognitive dominance. https://www.qjmst.ir/article_730507.html The increase in rapid environmental changes has caused command and control systems (as one of the requirements of organizations involved in crisis management) to show unpredictable behavior in the face of unexpected disturbances in the operational environment. The survivability, endurance and stability of the network and its centers in such conditions will enable the implementation of the operation and guarantee its success. Operational command, under the authority of a unified and "sustainable" command and control network, can pursue operational success. The present study tried to systematically evaluate and analyze the results and findings of previous studies and explain “Robustness” in command and control systems with a qualitative approach and using Meta-synthesis method. The researched community was the articles available in the field of “Robustness” in the world's authoritative scientific databases from 1990 to 2022 in the number of 1020 articles, among which 23 suitable articles were identified and selected by judgmental sampling method. The findings of the content analysis were the extraction of 36 codes, which were classified in the form of 5 components including “Robustness”, “resilience”, “flexibility”, “agility” and "resistance". Also, for the purpose of conceptual model and inference from the results, ATLAS.ti software was used. The result of the research showed that “Robustness” is a superior capability of the system, which is based on the four adjacent capabilities of “flexibility”, “agility”, “resilience” and “resistance”. https://www.qjmst.ir/article_732906.html Background and Purpose:Skill-based training in the armed forces underpins operational effectiveness and combat readiness, playing a critical role in empowering personnel. Coaching, as an interaction-oriented approach, has been recognized as an effective method for deepening learning and enhancing the efficiency of skill-based training. This study aimed to develop a coaching-based model for advancing skill-based training in the educational centers of the Iranian Army Ground Forces.Methods:This descriptive–causal study applied a mixed-methods design. In the qualitative phase, data were gathered through literature review and semi-structured interviews with 12 experts, selected purposively until theoretical saturation. The expert pool included senior managers, training specialists, and faculty members of AJA universities and training centers with at least a master’s degree and over 20 years of experience. In the quantitative phase, a researcher-developed 37-item questionnaire was distributed to 150 participants, determined using Cochran’s formula and selected through stratified random sampling. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis (qualitative) and confirmatory factor analysis (quantitative).Findings:The proposed model comprised four dimensions: coach communication, learner motivation, coach self-management, and coach technical competencies. Convergent and discriminant validity of the constructs were supported by CFA results.Conclusion:Findings suggest that enhancing skill-based training in military contexts requires coaching to evolve beyond mere knowledge transfer, functioning instead as an interactive, motivating, and trust-building process that strengthens both individual and organizational learning outcomes. https://www.qjmst.ir/article_736145.html Objective: The present study was conducted with the aim of systematically combining qualitative studies of the development of higher education among selected armies of the world.Methodology: The research method was qualitative, meta-synthesis type and the research population was all documents and academic reports conducted in the field of higher education development, in the period from 2014 to 2024. Accordingly, by referring to the documents and reports of students sent to doctoral and master's courses abroad, the databases of the Deputy for Education and Training and the Command and Staff University of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army were searched, and 52 scientific reports in the desired field were reviewed and finally 27 reports were purposefully selected as a sample and the Cohen's kappa coefficient tool was used to evaluate and confirm the quality of the content of the documents. The data obtained from document analysis were analyzed using the open and axial coding method. In total, 145 codes, 33 categories and 7 concepts were identified.Findings: The most important concepts identified include “1- Core elements of education 2- University accommodation 3- Education approach, teaching method and student preparation 4- Supplementary educational programs 5- Organizational alignment 6- Infrastructure, support, management and 7- Evaluation process”.Conclusion: The results of this research can help the trustees in this field to understand the dimensions of the development of military higher education especially in friendly and aligned countries, and to contribute to the development of military higher education by establishing strong defense diplomacy.