AJA University of Command and Staff Military Science and Tactics 2008-191X 22 75 2026 05 22 Enhancing Safety of Ghadir-class Submarines through Development and Optimization of Rescue and Damage-Control Equipment Enhancing Safety of Ghadir-class Submarines through Development and Optimization of Rescue and Damage-Control Equipment 5 24 736202 10.22034/qjmst.2026.2072466.2211 FA Mehdi Vahedi Master of Defense Management, AJA Command and Staff University, Tehran, Iran. 0009-0001-6072-601X Gholamreza Tahani Assistant Professor, AJA Command and Staff University, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0001-6126-0314 Maziar Jahanbakhsh PhD student in Theater Command, AJA Command and Staff University, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0003-2858-467X Journal Article 2025 09 22 Objective: The purpose of this research is to identify and prioritize the key equipment indicators for rescue and damage control in order to enhance the safety of Ghadir-class submarines of the Islamic Republic of Iran Navy. Methodology: This applied research adopted a descriptive-analytical mixed-methods exploratory design. In the qualitative phase, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 9 experts in the subsurface domain (using purposeful and snowball sampling until theoretical saturation) and analysis of technical documents, followed by inductive content analysis. In the quantitative phase, a researcher-made questionnaire (25 Likert-type items) was distributed among 85 operational personnel of Ghadir-class submarines. Content validity was confirmed by experts, and reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha (0.82). Data were analyzed using SPSS software with descriptive statistics, Friedman test, and one-sample chi-square test. Findings: Qualitative findings identified six main equipment categories (emergency escape and rescue, warning and detection, positioning and emergency communication, port support and rescue vessels, internal engineering improvement,). Quantitative findings showed an overall mean of 4.51 (out of 5) and "very high" importance percentages above 68%. The Friedman test indicated no significant difference among indicators (p > 0.05), suggesting relatively equal importance of all indices. The chi-square test confirmed the research hypothesis. Conclusion: Integration of findings emphasizes that enhancing the safety of Ghadir-class submarines requires comprehensive development of internal equipment (safe batteries, water ingress sensors, advanced fire suppression) and external equipment (port facilities and rescue vessels). It is recommended to prioritize the procurement of port equipment and lithium-ion safe batteries. Objective: The purpose of this research is to identify and prioritize the key equipment indicators for rescue and damage control in order to enhance the safety of Ghadir-class submarines of the Islamic Republic of Iran Navy. Methodology: This applied research adopted a descriptive-analytical mixed-methods exploratory design. In the qualitative phase, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 9 experts in the subsurface domain (using purposeful and snowball sampling until theoretical saturation) and analysis of technical documents, followed by inductive content analysis. In the quantitative phase, a researcher-made questionnaire (25 Likert-type items) was distributed among 85 operational personnel of Ghadir-class submarines. Content validity was confirmed by experts, and reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha (0.82). Data were analyzed using SPSS software with descriptive statistics, Friedman test, and one-sample chi-square test. Findings: Qualitative findings identified six main equipment categories (emergency escape and rescue, warning and detection, positioning and emergency communication, port support and rescue vessels, internal engineering improvement,). Quantitative findings showed an overall mean of 4.51 (out of 5) and "very high" importance percentages above 68%. The Friedman test indicated no significant difference among indicators (p > 0.05), suggesting relatively equal importance of all indices. The chi-square test confirmed the research hypothesis. Conclusion: Integration of findings emphasizes that enhancing the safety of Ghadir-class submarines requires comprehensive development of internal equipment (safe batteries, water ingress sensors, advanced fire suppression) and external equipment (port facilities and rescue vessels). It is recommended to prioritize the procurement of port equipment and lithium-ion safe batteries.

https://www.qjmst.ir/article_736202_1ef4519f9b511b19ca10ff34f6128853.pdf

AJA University of Command and Staff Military Science and Tactics 2008-191X 22 75 2026 05 22 Reconceptualizing the CIPP Model in Input Evaluation of Military Training: Designing a Contextualized Framework for Basic Courses of the Ground Force of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army Reconceptualizing the CIPP Model in Input Evaluation of Military Training: Designing a Contextualized Framework for Basic Courses of the Ground Force of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army 25 56 736204 10.22034/qjmst.2026.2068658.2201 FA Farzad Kazemi PhD student in Defense Management, AJA Command and Staff University, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0002-9983-347X Vahid Ansari Jabery Master's degree student in Defense Management, AJA Command and Staff University, Tehran, Iran. Journal Article 2025 08 11 Object: This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of basic courses in the combat branches of the Ground Force of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army at the input stage, based on the CIPP model. Methodology: The present study was applied in terms of purpose, on Contextual Case Stud and employed a mixed (qualitative-quantitative) method. In the qualitative phase, data were collected through interviews with 15 experts and document analysis, and analyzed using conceptual content analysis. In the quantitative phase, a researcher-made questionnaire, developed based on the qualitative findings, was distributed among 120 personnel of the Center for Military Sciences and Tactics Training of the Ground Force, and the data were analyzed using SPSS software. Findings: The findings indicated that the mean performance of the input component is 2.87, reflecting a weak state the educational system. The ranking of components showed that the "selection of appropriate instructors" with a coefficient of 0.152 ranked first, while "selection of instructional materials and aids" with a coefficient of 0.189 demonstrated the weakest performance. Conclusion: The findings revealed that the input performance of military training is at a weak level, with the "selection of instructors" ranked as the highest priority component, while "selection of instructional materials" showed the lowest performance. The innovation of this study lies in the reconceptualization of the CIPP model within the context of military training in Iran and the development of a contextualized, indigenous, and generalizable framework that not only enables evaluation but also facilitates continuous improvement in education. Object: This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of basic courses in the combat branches of the Ground Force of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army at the input stage, based on the CIPP model. Methodology: The present study was applied in terms of purpose, on Contextual Case Stud and employed a mixed (qualitative-quantitative) method. In the qualitative phase, data were collected through interviews with 15 experts and document analysis, and analyzed using conceptual content analysis. In the quantitative phase, a researcher-made questionnaire, developed based on the qualitative findings, was distributed among 120 personnel of the Center for Military Sciences and Tactics Training of the Ground Force, and the data were analyzed using SPSS software. Findings: The findings indicated that the mean performance of the input component is 2.87, reflecting a weak state the educational system. The ranking of components showed that the "selection of appropriate instructors" with a coefficient of 0.152 ranked first, while "selection of instructional materials and aids" with a coefficient of 0.189 demonstrated the weakest performance. Conclusion: The findings revealed that the input performance of military training is at a weak level, with the "selection of instructors" ranked as the highest priority component, while "selection of instructional materials" showed the lowest performance. The innovation of this study lies in the reconceptualization of the CIPP model within the context of military training in Iran and the development of a contextualized, indigenous, and generalizable framework that not only enables evaluation but also facilitates continuous improvement in education.

https://www.qjmst.ir/article_736204_3ba21c7c591048a8779c052489eb9d49.pdf

AJA University of Command and Staff Military Science and Tactics 2008-191X 22 75 2026 05 22 Explanation of key indicators of the economic model of development and internal defense in the western region of the Iran (Kermanshah and Ilam provinces). Explanation of key indicators of the economic model of development and internal defense in the western region of the Iran (Kermanshah and Ilam provinces). 57 94 736206 10.22034/qjmst.2026.2068212.2200 FA Behzad Partovi Khaghan PhD student in Defense Management, AJA Command and Staff University, Tehran, Iran. 0009-0000-5039-9871 Aliasghar Biek Bilandi Associate Professor, National Defense University, Tehran, Iran. 0009-0009-8879-8830 Ali Niazi Faculty, AJA Command and Staff University, Tehran, Iran. Journal Article 2025 08 07 Abstract Background and Objective: Few researchers have studied an economic model for the western region of the country with the ability to solve problems. This will prevent riots. The main objective of this research is to introduce key indicators related to the economic development and defense model of the western region, namely the provinces of Ilam and Kermanshah. Methodology: This research has been completed using an applied method. The input data used in the research have been obtained by studying reputable scientific articles, interviewing experts in related fields and software calculation. The sample size of the research includes 60 experts with at least a bachelor's degree and 10 years of experience in fields related to the research. Findings: The development and internal defense model of the western region of the country (Kermanshah and Ilam provinces) has 36 effective indicators that are classified into 6 categories under the title of research components, among which 9 key indicators were introduced. This is a qualitative analysis. Conclusion: The main indicators of the development and internal defense model of the western region of the country are: increasing the construction of railways and railroads, increasing the exploitation and activation of inactive mineral and metal mines, increasing the stability of energy supply for the people (without interruption), reducing rainfed farming and seasons of unemployment for farmers, developing the agricultural industry and handicrafts, increasing industries and employment, the realization of which will lead to the increasing development of the western region of the country. Abstract Background and Objective: Few researchers have studied an economic model for the western region of the country with the ability to solve problems. This will prevent riots. The main objective of this research is to introduce key indicators related to the economic development and defense model of the western region, namely the provinces of Ilam and Kermanshah. Methodology: This research has been completed using an applied method. The input data used in the research have been obtained by studying reputable scientific articles, interviewing experts in related fields and software calculation. The sample size of the research includes 60 experts with at least a bachelor's degree and 10 years of experience in fields related to the research. Findings: The development and internal defense model of the western region of the country (Kermanshah and Ilam provinces) has 36 effective indicators that are classified into 6 categories under the title of research components, among which 9 key indicators were introduced. This is a qualitative analysis. Conclusion: The main indicators of the development and internal defense model of the western region of the country are: increasing the construction of railways and railroads, increasing the exploitation and activation of inactive mineral and metal mines, increasing the stability of energy supply for the people (without interruption), reducing rainfed farming and seasons of unemployment for farmers, developing the agricultural industry and handicrafts, increasing industries and employment, the realization of which will lead to the increasing development of the western region of the country.

https://www.qjmst.ir/article_736206_647479279c3772fabe12efe0337a1a66.pdf

AJA University of Command and Staff Military Science and Tactics 2008-191X 22 75 2026 05 22 Strategic model for advancing the culture of creativity and innovation in the Islamic Republic of Iran Army. Strategic model for advancing the culture of creativity and innovation in the Islamic Republic of Iran Army. 95 127 736207 10.22034/qjmst.2026.2067355.2195 FA Mohammadesmail Hatami PhD in Defense Management, AJA Command and Staff University, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0002-2051-0927 Vahid Riazi Associate Professor, AJA Command and Staff University, Tehran, Iran. 0009-0008-9701-8931 Ebrahim Ejabi Associate Professor, AJA Command and Staff University, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0002-4225-1938 Hassan Mahjub Associate Professor, Shahid Sattari Aviation University, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0001-6368-6554 Journal Article 2025 07 29 The Islamic Republic of Iran Army needs to institutionalize this culture in its structure to respond effectively to emerging threats. Organizational culture, with its direct impact on employee attitudes, behaviors, and performance, is the main platform for improving productivity, increasing job satisfaction, reducing bureaucracy, and strengthening individual and collective capabilities in the organization. This research was conducted with the aim of designing a strategic model to strengthen the culture of creativity and innovation in the army, and using qualitative and quantitative methods, effective individual, organizational, and environmental dimensions in this field have been identified. This research is of an applied developmental type with a mixed and exploratory approach. The required data were collected through library studies, semi-structured interviews, and quantitative questionnaires, and the findings were analyzed using content analysis methods.Research findings indicate that in order to advance the culture of creativity and innovation in the army, an integrated approach must be adopted that includes three main dimensions: individual (such as employee empowerment), organizational (such as agile structure), and environmental (such as an innovation-supportive environment). Also, components such as participatory leadership and agile organizational structure are key elements of success in this direction. The needs of the strategic model for advancing the culture of creativity and innovation in the army of the Islamic Republic of Iran require an integrated and multidimensional view in which dimensions, components, and indicators are considered in a coordinated and purposeful manner in policymaking and executive interventions. The Islamic Republic of Iran Army needs to institutionalize this culture in its structure to respond effectively to emerging threats. Organizational culture, with its direct impact on employee attitudes, behaviors, and performance, is the main platform for improving productivity, increasing job satisfaction, reducing bureaucracy, and strengthening individual and collective capabilities in the organization. This research was conducted with the aim of designing a strategic model to strengthen the culture of creativity and innovation in the army, and using qualitative and quantitative methods, effective individual, organizational, and environmental dimensions in this field have been identified. This research is of an applied developmental type with a mixed and exploratory approach. The required data were collected through library studies, semi-structured interviews, and quantitative questionnaires, and the findings were analyzed using content analysis methods.Research findings indicate that in order to advance the culture of creativity and innovation in the army, an integrated approach must be adopted that includes three main dimensions: individual (such as employee empowerment), organizational (such as agile structure), and environmental (such as an innovation-supportive environment). Also, components such as participatory leadership and agile organizational structure are key elements of success in this direction. The needs of the strategic model for advancing the culture of creativity and innovation in the army of the Islamic Republic of Iran require an integrated and multidimensional view in which dimensions, components, and indicators are considered in a coordinated and purposeful manner in policymaking and executive interventions.

https://www.qjmst.ir/article_736207_2850d325cbe46be70af709e05c48e085.pdf

AJA University of Command and Staff Military Science and Tactics 2008-191X 22 75 2026 05 22 Synergy Model in the Khatam al-Anbiya (PBUH) Air Defense Joint Headquarters of the Country Synergy Model in the Khatam al-Anbiya (PBUH) Air Defense Joint Headquarters of the Country 129 155 736208 10.22034/qjmst.2026.2066117.2190 FA Seyyed Abdolrahim Mosavi Assistant Professor, National Defense University, Tehran, Iran. Davood Aghamohammadi Professor of AJA Command and Staff University, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0002-1529-545X Nibi Allh Dehrhan Assistant Professor, Command and Staff University of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0002-0402-3731 Abbas Farajpour Alamdari Assistant Professor, Command and Staff University of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army, Tehran, Iran. Ghader Rahimzadeh PhD student in Defense Management, Command and Staff University of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army, Tehran, Iran. 0009-0005-3646-2965 Journal Article 2025 07 15 The synergy model in the Khatam al-Anbiya (PBUH) Joint Air Defense Base of the country is a highly complex and sensitive process with a special status within the Armed Forces, aimed at achieving high-level objectives. The main objective of this research is to design a synergy model for the Khatam al-Anbiya (PBUH) Joint Air Defense Base of the country. The research method is descriptive and of applied-developmental type. The statistical population for the qualitative part includes 9 experts, commanders, and senior-level managers from the General Staff of the Armed Forces, and for the quantitative part, 30 individuals were included. For qualitative data analysis, MAXQDA software was used, and the desired model was extracted. The key findings of the research are as follows: The synergy model of the Khatam al-Anbiya (PBUH) Joint Air Defense Base consists of four dimensions: Coordination, Integration, Responsiveness, Forecasting and Preparedness. The Coordination dimension includes five components: task coordination, structural coordination, technological coordination, human resources coordination, and informational coordination. The Integration dimension consists of six components: command and leadership integration, task integration, structural and organizational integration, human resources integration, goal and orientation integration, and technology and equipment integration. The Responsiveness dimension includes five components: operational agility, structural responsiveness, real-time integration of C4ISR technologies, mental and tactical readiness of forces, and accuracy and speed in exchanging vital information. The Forecasting and Preparedness dimension includes four components: structure, human resources, technology, and tasks and processes. The synergy model in the Khatam al-Anbiya (PBUH) Joint Air Defense Base of the country is a highly complex and sensitive process with a special status within the Armed Forces, aimed at achieving high-level objectives. The main objective of this research is to design a synergy model for the Khatam al-Anbiya (PBUH) Joint Air Defense Base of the country. The research method is descriptive and of applied-developmental type. The statistical population for the qualitative part includes 9 experts, commanders, and senior-level managers from the General Staff of the Armed Forces, and for the quantitative part, 30 individuals were included. For qualitative data analysis, MAXQDA software was used, and the desired model was extracted. The key findings of the research are as follows: The synergy model of the Khatam al-Anbiya (PBUH) Joint Air Defense Base consists of four dimensions: Coordination, Integration, Responsiveness, Forecasting and Preparedness. The Coordination dimension includes five components: task coordination, structural coordination, technological coordination, human resources coordination, and informational coordination. The Integration dimension consists of six components: command and leadership integration, task integration, structural and organizational integration, human resources integration, goal and orientation integration, and technology and equipment integration. The Responsiveness dimension includes five components: operational agility, structural responsiveness, real-time integration of C4ISR technologies, mental and tactical readiness of forces, and accuracy and speed in exchanging vital information. The Forecasting and Preparedness dimension includes four components: structure, human resources, technology, and tasks and processes.

https://www.qjmst.ir/article_736208_516c78d45e6ea76b820f9995d7fa9931.pdf

AJA University of Command and Staff Military Science and Tactics 2008-191X 22 75 2026 05 22 Identification and evaluation of internal and external factor evaluation for countering cognitive warfare in the Iranian Army Air DefenseForce Identification and evaluation of internal and external factor evaluation for countering cognitive warfare in the Iranian Army Air DefenseForce 157 206 736209 10.22034/qjmst.2026.2060306.2176 FA Abolfazl Sepehrirad Assistant Professor, AJA Command and Staff University, Tehran, Iran. Valiolah Amiri PhD student in Defense Management, Command and Staff University, Tehran, Iran. 0009-0004-9477-9111 Journal Article 2025 05 19 Background and Objective: Cognitive warfare is emerging as a critical domain in future conflicts. With rapid advancements in aerospace technologies, intelligent drones, and precision-guided munitions, adversaries increasingly employ cognitive warfare tactics to manipulate decision-making processes and degrade air defense systems. This study aims to develop effective military strategies for the Iranian Air Defense Force to counter cognitive warfare threats. Methodology: This applied research employed a sequential mixed-methods design. In the qualitative phase, a SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) was conducted through semi-structured interviews with purposefully selected air defense experts (based on accessibility, relevant publications, and willingness to participate). Data were thematically analyzed using MAXQDA software. In the quantitative phase, strategic priorities were derived from the SWOT matrix and validated via a questionnaire administered to a randomly selected sample of air defense experts. Findings :The Internal-External (IE) matrix positioned the Iranian Air Defense Force in the defensive quadrant. The External Factor Evaluation (EFE) matrix yielded a total weighted score of 2.388 (below the benchmark of 2.5), indicating limited ability to capitalize on opportunities and mitigate external threats. The Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) similarly reflected moderate internal capabilities. Conclusion: The Iranian Air Defense Force currently adopts a defensive strategic posture against cognitive warfare. Given its proximity to the matrix center, transition to an offensive posture is both necessary and feasible. Priority strategies should focus on enhancing resilience to cognitive manipulation, developing proactive information/cognitive operations, and integrating human–machine decision systems to shift from reactive defense to strategic cognitive dominance. Background and Objective: Cognitive warfare is emerging as a critical domain in future conflicts. With rapid advancements in aerospace technologies, intelligent drones, and precision-guided munitions, adversaries increasingly employ cognitive warfare tactics to manipulate decision-making processes and degrade air defense systems. This study aims to develop effective military strategies for the Iranian Air Defense Force to counter cognitive warfare threats. Methodology: This applied research employed a sequential mixed-methods design. In the qualitative phase, a SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) was conducted through semi-structured interviews with purposefully selected air defense experts (based on accessibility, relevant publications, and willingness to participate). Data were thematically analyzed using MAXQDA software. In the quantitative phase, strategic priorities were derived from the SWOT matrix and validated via a questionnaire administered to a randomly selected sample of air defense experts. Findings :The Internal-External (IE) matrix positioned the Iranian Air Defense Force in the defensive quadrant. The External Factor Evaluation (EFE) matrix yielded a total weighted score of 2.388 (below the benchmark of 2.5), indicating limited ability to capitalize on opportunities and mitigate external threats. The Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) similarly reflected moderate internal capabilities. Conclusion: The Iranian Air Defense Force currently adopts a defensive strategic posture against cognitive warfare. Given its proximity to the matrix center, transition to an offensive posture is both necessary and feasible. Priority strategies should focus on enhancing resilience to cognitive manipulation, developing proactive information/cognitive operations, and integrating human–machine decision systems to shift from reactive defense to strategic cognitive dominance.

https://www.qjmst.ir/article_736209_6e7569134cd5b605093546db32509af2.pdf